CBT: What It Is, How It Works, and Its Limitations

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is one of the most widely researched and effective forms of psychotherapy. Originally designed to treat conditions like depression, anxiety, and panic disorder, CBT is now applied to a broad range of psychological challenges — from everyday stress to complex trauma.

In this article, we’ll walk you through what CBT is, how it works, the myths surrounding it, and when it might (or might not) be the right fit.

What Is CBT?

At its core, CBT is a structured, evidence-based method that helps people understand the connection between their thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. The idea is simple: when we change unhelpful thinking patterns, our emotions and behaviours can shift too.

Traditionally, CBT is used to support people with:

• Panic attacks and panic disorder

• Depression and mood disorders (including bipolar and seasonal affective disorder)

• Social anxiety and health anxiety

Of course, everyone experiences sadness, worry, or fear. But when these emotions become too frequent or intense and start interfering with daily life, CBT offers practical tools to help regain balance. Think of it like physical therapy — but for your mind.

Beyond Diagnoses: CBT for Everyday Life

CBT isn’t just for people with a formal mental health diagnosis. Over time, it has developed into a flexible approach with many branches:

• CBT for children and adolescents

• Family and couples CBT

• Organisational CBT

• Low-intensity or process-focused CBT

This makes CBT a great option for everyday challenges too — improving relationships, reducing workplace stress, or navigating life changes.

Common Myths About CBT

Despite its popularity, CBT is often misunderstood. Let’s clear up some myths:

• “It only treats symptoms, not causes.” → Not true. CBT starts with symptom relief but can also work on deeper beliefs and behavioural patterns.

• “It’s only for simple issues.” → CBT is effective even for complex conditions, including PTSD and trauma.

• “It’s always short-term.” → While mild cases may take 10–12 sessions, more complex needs can require longer-term work.

• “It’s robotic.” → Empathy and trust between therapist and client are central to CBT.

• “It’s only for adults.” → There are specialised CBT methods for kids, teens, couples, and families.

• “It’s an alternative to medication.” → It can be used alone or alongside medication, depending on individual needs.

Limitations of CBT

CBT is powerful, but it’s not a universal solution. Some things to keep in mind:

• It may not be the best fit for certain conditions, such as personality disorders or ADHD.

• It requires active effort — practicing techniques outside sessions is essential for results.

• Cultural and personal values matter: CBT may need to be adapted to align with your worldview.

Is CBT Right for You? A Quick Self-Check

Ask yourself:

• Am I willing to take an active role in therapy?

• Do I like structured, goal-oriented approaches?

• Can I set aside some time daily to practice what I learn?

• Am I ready to face uncomfortable thoughts to grow?

The more “yes” answers you give, the more likely CBT will suit your needs. And even if some answers are “no,” a therapist can help you adapt the process.

CBT with Pleso Therapy

CBT is not just about managing symptoms — it’s about learning skills for life. With the right therapist, you’ll discover tools to better understand your emotions, reframe unhelpful thoughts, and respond more effectively to challenges.

At Pleso Therapy, therapy is:

• Accessible and online — wherever you are, on your schedule.

• Tailored to you — matched with a therapist who understands your needs.

• Evidence-based — using proven methods to bring real change.

CBT offers more than coping — it offers growth. With Pleso Therapy, you can explore this method safely, flexibly, and with professional support every step of the way.